Marlene dietrich children
Marlene Dietrich
German actress (–)
"Marie Dietrich" redirects here. For the German soprano, see Marie Dietrich (soprano). For the Black Midi song, see Cavalcade (Black Midi album).
Marie Magdalene "Marlene" Dietrich[4] (, German:[maʁˈleːnəˈdiːtʁɪç]ⓘ; 27 December – 6 May )[5] was a German-born American actress and singer whose career spanned nearly seven decades.[6]
In s Berlin, Dietrich performed on the stage and in silent films.
Her performance as Lola Lola in Josef von Sternberg's The Blue Angel () brought her international acclaim and a contract with Paramount Pictures. She starred in many Hollywood films, including six iconic roles directed by Sternberg: Morocco () (her only Academy Award nomination), Dishonored (), Shanghai Express and Blonde Venus (both ), The Scarlet Empress (), The Devil Is a Woman ().
She successfully traded on her glamorous persona and exotic looks, and became one of the era's highest-paid actresses. Throughout World War II, she was a high-profile entertainer in the United States. Although she delivered notable performances in several post-war films, including Billy Wilder's A Foreign Affair (), Alfred Hitchcock's Stage Fright (), Billy Wilder's Witness for the Prosecution (), Orson Welles's Touch of Evil (), and Stanley Kramer's Judgment at Nuremberg (), she spent most of the s to the s touring the world as a marquee live-show performer.
Dietrich was known for her humanitarian efforts during World War II, housing German and French exiles, providing financial support and even advocating their American citizenship. For her work on improving morale on the front lines during the war, she received several honors from the United States, France, Belgium, and Israel.
In , the American Film Institute named Dietrich the ninth greatest female screen legend of classic Hollywood cinema.[7]
Early life
She was born Marie Magdalene Dietrich on 27 December at Leberstraße 65 in the neighborhood of Rote Insel in Schöneberg, now a district of Berlin. Her mother, Wilhelmina Elisabeth Josefine (née Felsing), was from an affluent Berlin family who owned a jewelry and clock-making firm.
Marlene dietrich biography actress Best Known For: Film actress Marlene Dietrich was known for her sultry, sex appeal. She was a major leading lady in the s and s. Industries; World War II; Music; Film; Theater and Dance;.Her father, Louis Erich Otto Dietrich, was a police lieutenant. Dietrich had one sibling, Elisabeth (5 February – 8 May ).[8] Dietrich's father was born on 26 August and died in August [9] His best friend, Eduard von Losch, an aristocratic first lieutenant in the Grenadiers, courted Wilhelmina and married her in , but he died in July from injuries sustained during the First World War.[4] Von Losch never officially adopted the Dietrich sisters, so Dietrich's surname was never von Losch, as has sometimes been claimed.[11]
Dietrich's family nicknamed her "Lena", "Lene", or "Leni" (IPA:[leːnɛ]).[12] Aged about 11, she combined her first two names to form the name "Marlene." Dietrich attended the Auguste-Viktoria Girls' School from to and graduated from the Victoria-Luise-Schule (today Goethe-Gymnasium) in Berlin-Wilmersdorf in She studied the violin and became interested in theater and poetry as a teenager.
A wrist injury curtailed her dreams of becoming a concert violinist, but by she had her first job playing violin in a pit orchestra for silent films at a Berlin cinema. She was fired after only four weeks.
The earliest professional stage appearances by Dietrich were as a chorus girl on tour with Guido Thielscher's Girl-Kabarett vaudeville-style entertainments and in Rudolf Nelson revues in Berlin.
In , Dietrich auditioned unsuccessfully for theatrical director and impresario Max Reinhardt's drama academy; however, she soon found herself working in his theatres as a chorus girl and playing small roles in dramas.
Career beginnings
Dietrich's film debut was a small part in the film The Little Napoleon ().
She met her future husband Rudolf Sieber on the set of Tragedy of Love in Dietrich and Sieber were married in a civil ceremony in Berlin on 17 May Her only child, daughter Maria Elisabeth Sieber, was born on 13 December
Dietrich continued to work on stage and in film both in Berlin and Vienna throughout the s.
On stage, she had roles of varying importance in Frank Wedekind's Pandora's Box,William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew and A Midsummer Night's Dream, and George Bernard Shaw's Back to Methuselah and Misalliance. It was in musicals and revues such as Broadway, Es Liegt in der Luft, and Zwei Krawatten, however, that she attracted the most attention.
By the late s, Dietrich was also playing sizable parts on screen, including roles in Café Elektric (), I Kiss Your Hand, Madame (), and The Ship of Lost Souls ().[27]
Career
Association with von Sternberg
In , Dietrich landed her breakthrough role of Lola Lola, a cabaret singer who caused the downfall of a hitherto respectable schoolmaster (played by Emil Jannings), in the UFA production of The Blue Angel () shot at Babelsberg film studios.[29][30]Josef von Sternberg directed the film and thereafter took credit for having "discovered" Dietrich.
The film introduced Dietrich's signature song "Falling in Love Again", which she recorded for Electrola. She made further recordings in the s for Polydor and Decca Records.
In , on the strength of The Blue Angel's international success, and with encouragement and promotion from Josef von Sternberg, who was established in Hollywood, Dietrich moved to the United States under contract to Paramount Pictures, the U.S.
film distributor of The Blue Angel. The studio sought to market Dietrich as a German answer to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's Swedish star Greta Garbo. Sternberg welcomed her with gifts, including a green Rolls-Royce Phantom II. The car later appeared in their first U.S. film Morocco.[31]
Dietrich starred in six films directed by von Sternberg at Paramount between and Von Sternberg worked effectively with Dietrich to create the image of a glamorous and mysterious femme fatale.
He encouraged her to lose weight and coached her intensively as an actress. She willingly followed his, sometimes imperious, direction in a way that a number of other performers resisted.[32]
In Morocco () with Gary Cooper, Dietrich was again cast as a cabaret singer. The film is best remembered for the sequence in which she performs a song dressed in a man's white tie and kisses another woman, both provocative for the era.
The film earned Dietrich her only Academy Award nomination. Morocco was followed by Dishonored () with Victor McLaglen, a major success with Dietrich cast as a Mata Hari-like spy.
Shanghai Express () with Anna May Wong, which was dubbed by the critics "Grand Hotel on wheels", was another major success, earning $ million in worldwide rentals.[33]
Dietrich and von Sternberg again collaborated on the romance Blonde Venus () with Cary Grant.
Dietrich worked without von Sternberg for the first time in three years in the romantic drama Song of Songs (), playing a naïve German peasant, under the direction of Rouben Mamoulian. Dietrich and Sternberg's last two films, The Scarlet Empress () with John Davis Lodge and The Devil Is a Woman ()—the most stylized of their collaborations—were their lowest-grossing films.
Dietrich later remarked that she was at her most beautiful in The Devil Is a Woman.
Von Sternberg is known for his exceptional skill in lighting and photographing Dietrich to optimum effect, so much so, that even 50 years later, one of Shanghai Express's production stills became the inspiration of the cover of rock band Queen's album Queen II which was integrated into the music video of their single "Bohemian Rhapsody".
His signature use of light and shadow, including the impact of light passed through a veil or slatted window blinds, combined with the scrupulous attention to set design and costumes makes the films they made together among cinema's most visually stylish.[34]
Critics still vigorously debate how much of the credit belonged to von Sternberg and how much to Dietrich, but most would agree that neither consistently reached such heights again after Paramount fired von Sternberg and the two ceased working together.[35]
The collaboration of one actress and director creating seven films is still unmatched in motion pictures, with the possible exception of Katharine Hepburn and George Cukor, who made ten films together over a much longer period but which were not created for Hepburn the way the last six von Sternberg/Dietrich collaborations were.[36]
The later s
Dietrich's first film after the end of her partnership with von Sternberg was Frank Borzage's Desire () with Gary Cooper, a commercial success that gave Dietrich an opportunity to try her hand at romantic comedy.
Her next project, I Loved a Soldier (), ended in shambles when the film was scrapped several weeks into production due to script problems, scheduling confusion and the studio's decision to fire the producer Ernst Lubitsch.
Extravagant offers lured Dietrich away from Paramount to make her first color film The Garden of Allah () for independent producer David O.
Selznick, for which she received $,, and to Britain for Alexander Korda's production, Knight Without Armour (), at a salary of $,, which made her one of the best paid film stars of the time. While both films performed decently at the box office, her vehicles were costly to produce and her public popularity had declined.
By this time, Dietrich placed th in box office rankings, and American film exhibitors proclaimed her "box office poison" in May , a distinction she shared with Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford, Mae West, Katharine Hepburn, Norma Shearer, Dolores del Río, and Fred Astaire among others.[39]
While in London, Dietrich later said in interviews, she was approached by Nazi Party officials and offered lucrative contracts, should she agree to return to be a foremost film star in Nazi Germany.
She refused their offers and applied for U.S. citizenship in [40] She returned to Paramount to make Angel (), another romantic comedy directed by Ernst Lubitsch; the film was poorly received, leading Paramount to buy out the remainder of Dietrich's contract.
Dietrich, with encouragement from Josef von Sternberg, accepted producer Joe Pasternak's offer to play against type in her first film in two years: that of the cowboy saloon girl, Frenchie, in the western-comedy Destry Rides Again (), with James Stewart.
This was a significantly less well paid role than she had been accustomed to.
The bawdy role revived her career and "See What the Boys in the Back Room Will Have", a song she introduced in the film, became a hit when she recorded it for Decca. She played similar types in Seven Sinners () and The Spoilers (), both with John Wayne.
World War II
Marlene Dietrich and U.S. Army Technician Fourth Grade Earl E. McFarland in Belgium (24 November )
Dietrich and U.S. soldiers somewhere in France during her second USO tour ()
Dietrich was known to have strong political convictions and the mind to speak them.
In the late s, Dietrich created a fund with Billy Wilder and several other exiles to help Jews and dissidents escape from Germany. In , her entire salary for Knight Without Armor ($,) was put into escrow to help the refugees. In , she became an American citizen and renounced her German citizenship.[5] In December , the U.S. entered World War II, and Dietrich became one of the first public figures to help sell war bonds.
She toured the U.S. from January to September (appearing before , troops on the Pacific Coast leg of her tour alone) and was reported to have sold more war bonds than any other star.[41][42]
During two extended tours for the USO in and ,[41] she performed for Allied troops in Algeria, Italy, the UK, France and Heerlen in the Netherlands,[43] then entered Germany with Generals James M.
Gavin and George S. Patton. When asked why she had done this, in spite of the obvious danger of being within a few kilometers of German lines, she replied, "aus Anstand"—"out of decency".[44] Wilder later remarked that she was at the front lines more than Dwight Eisenhower. Her revue, with Danny Thomas as her opening act for the first tour, included songs from her films, performances on her musical saw (a skill taught to her by Igo Sym that she had originally acquired for stage appearances in Berlin in the s) and a "mindreading" act that her friend Orson Welles had taught her for his Mercury Wonder Show.
Dietrich would inform the audience that she could read minds and ask them to concentrate on whatever came into their minds. Then she would walk over to a soldier and earnestly tell him, "Oh, think of something else. I can't possibly talk about that!" American church papers reportedly published stories complaining about this part of Dietrich's act.
[41]
In , the Morale Operations Branch of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) initiated the Musak project, musical propaganda broadcasts designed to demoralize enemy soldiers.[45] Dietrich, the only performer who was made aware that her recordings would be for OSS use, recorded a number of songs in German for the project, including "Lili Marleen", a favorite of soldiers on both sides of the conflict.
Marlene dietrich biography actress meghan Marie Magdalene "Marlene" Dietrich [4] (/ m ɑːr ˈ l eɪ n ə ˈ d iː t r ɪ x /, German: [maʁˈleːnə ˈdiːtʁɪç] ⓘ; 27 December – 6 May ) [5] was a German-born American actress and singer whose career spanned nearly seven decades.Major General William J. Donovan, head of the OSS, wrote to Dietrich, "I am personally deeply grateful for your generosity in making these recordings for us."
At the war's end in Europe, Dietrich reunited with her sister Elisabeth and her sister's husband and son. They had resided in the German village of Belsen throughout the war years, running a cinema frequented by Nazi officers and officials who oversaw the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
Dietrich's mother remained in Berlin during the war, while Dietrich vouched for her sister and her sister's husband, sheltering them from possible prosecution as Nazi collaborators.[48] However, Dietrich later omitted the existence of her sister and her sister's son from all accounts of her life, completely disowning them and claiming to be an only child.[49]
Dietrich received the Medal of Freedom in November , for her "extraordinary record entertaining troops overseas during the war".[50] She said this was her proudest accomplishment.[45] She was also awarded the Légion d'honneur by the French government for her wartime work.[51]
Later film career
While Dietrich never fully regained her former screen profile, she continued performing in motion pictures, including appearances for directors such as Mitchell Leisen in Golden Earrings (), Billy Wilder in A Foreign Affair () and Alfred Hitchcock in Stage Fright ().
Her appearances in the s included films such as Fritz Lang's Rancho Notorious, () and Wilder's Witness for the Prosecution (). She appeared in Orson Welles's Touch of Evil (). Dietrich had a kind of platonic love for Welles, whom she considered a genius. Her last substantial film role was in Judgment at Nuremberg () directed by Stanley Kramer; she also presented the narrative for the documentary Black Fox: The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler, which won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in [53] She cut the ceremonial ribbon to celebrate the grand opening of the Paris Theater in New York City in [54]
Stage and cabaret
From the early s until the mids, Dietrich worked almost exclusively as a cabaret artist, performing live in large theatres in major cities worldwide.
In , Dietrich was offered $30, per week to appear live at the Sahara Hotel on the Las Vegas Strip. The show was short, consisting only of a few songs associated with her. Her daringly sheer "nude dress"—a heavily beaded evening gown of silk soufflé, which gave the illusion of transparency—designed by Jean Louis, attracted a lot of publicity.
This engagement was so successful that she was signed to appear at the Café de Paris in London the following year; her Las Vegas contracts were also renewed.
Dietrich employed Burt Bacharach as her musical arranger starting in the mids; together, they refined her nightclub act into a more ambitious theatrical one-woman show with an expanded repertoire.
Her repertoire included songs from her films as well as popular songs of the day. Bacharach's arrangements helped to disguise Dietrich's limited vocal range—she was a contralto[59]—and allowed her to perform her songs to maximum dramatic effect; together, they recorded four albums and several singles between and In a TV interview in , she credited Bacharach with giving her the "inspiration" to perform during those years.[61]
Bacharach then felt he needed to devote his time fully to songwriting.
But she had also come to rely on him in order to perform, and wrote about his leaving in her memoir:
From that fateful day on, I have worked like a robot, trying to recapture the wonderful woman he helped make out of me. I even succeeded in this effort for years, because I always thought of him, always longed for him, always looked for him in the wings, and always fought against self-pity He had become so indispensable to me that, without him, I no longer took much joy in singing.
When he left me, I felt like giving everything up. I had lost my director, my support, my teacher, my maestro.[62]
She often performed the first part of her show in one of her body-hugging dresses and a swansdown coat, and change to top hat and tails for the second half of the performance. This allowed her to sing songs usually associated with male singers, like "One for My Baby" and "I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face".
"She transcends her material," according to Peter Bogdanovich.
"Whether it's a flighty old tune like 'I Can't Give You Anything But Love, Baby' a schmaltzy German love song, 'Das Lied ist Aus' or a French one 'La Vie en Rose', she lends each an air of the aristocrat, yet she never patronises A folk song, 'Go 'Way From My Window' has never been sung with such passion, and in her hands 'Where Have All the Flowers Gone?' is not just another anti-war lament but a tragic accusation against us all."
Francis Wyndham offered a more critical appraisal of the phenomenon of Dietrich in concert.
He wrote in "What she does is neither difficult nor diverting, but the fact that she does it at all fills the onlookers with wonder It takes two to make a conjuring trick: the illusionist's sleight of hand and the stooge's desire to be deceived. To these necessary elements (her own technical competence and her audience's sentimentality) Marlene Dietrich adds a third—the mysterious force of her belief in her own magic.
Those who find themselves unable to share this belief tend to blame themselves rather than her."
Her use of body-sculpting undergarments, nonsurgical temporary facelifts (tape),[66] expert makeup and wigs, combined with careful stage lighting, helped to preserve Dietrich's glamorous image as she grew older.
Dietrich had owned a penthouse in New York City at Park Avenue since [68]
Dietrich's return to West Germany in for a concert tour received a mixed reception—despite a consistently negative press, vociferous protest by Germans who felt she had betrayed her homeland, and two bomb threats, her performance attracted huge crowds.
During her performances at Berlin's Titania Palast theatre, protesters chanted, "Marlene Go Home!" On the other hand, Dietrich was warmly welcomed by other Germans, including Berlin Mayor Willy Brandt, who was, like Dietrich, an opponent of the Nazis who had lived in exile during their rule. The tour was an artistic triumph, but a financial failure.
She was left emotionally drained by the hostility she encountered, and she left convinced never to visit again.
Marlene dietrich biography book
Marie Magdalene " Marlene " Dietrich[ 4 ] (/ mɑːrˈleɪnəˈdiːtrɪx /, German: [maʁˈleːnə ˈdiːtʁɪç] ⓘ; 27 December – 6 May ) [ 5 ] was a German-born American actress and singer whose career spanned nearly seven decades. [ 6 ] In s Berlin, Dietrich performed on the stage and in silent films.East Germany, however, received her well.[70] She also undertook a tour of Israel around the same time, which was well-received; she sang some songs in German during her concerts, including, from , a German version of Pete Seeger's anti-war anthem "Where Have All the Flowers Gone", thus breaking the unofficial taboo against the use of German in Israel.
She would become the first woman and German to receive the Israeli Medallion of Valor in , "in recognition for her courageous adherence to principle and consistent record of friendship for the Jewish people". Dietrich in London, a concert album, was recorded during the run of her engagement at the Queen's Theatre.
She performed on Broadway twice (in and ) and received a Special Tony Award in In November , I Wish You Love, a version of Dietrich's Broadway show titled An Evening with Marlene Dietrich, was filmed in London.[72] She was paid $, for her cooperation but was unhappy with the result.
The show was broadcast in the UK on the BBC and in the U.S. on CBS in January [73]
Dietrich continued with a busy performance schedule until September [74] When Clive Hirschhorn asked her why she continued to perform, she said, "Do you think this is glamorous? That this is a great life, and that I do it for my health?
Well, it isn't. It's hard work. And who would work if they didn't have to?"[75]
In her 60s and 70s, Dietrich's health declined: she survived cervical cancer in and suffered from poor circulation in her legs. Dietrich became increasingly dependent on painkillers and alcohol.
A stage fall at the Shady Grove Music Fair in Maryland in injured her left thigh, necessitating skin grafts to allow the wound to heal. She fractured her right leg in August
Paris years
Dietrich's show business career largely ended on 29 September , when she fell on the stage and broke a thigh bone during a performance in Sydney, Australia.[79] The following year, her husband, Rudolf Sieber, died of cancer on 24 June [80] Dietrich's final on-camera film appearance was a brief appearance in Just a Gigolo (), starring David Bowie and directed by David Hemmings, in which she sang the title song.
Dietrich withdrew to her apartment at 12 Avenue Montaigne in Paris. She spent the final 13 years of her life mostly bedridden, allowing only a select few—including family and employees—to enter the apartment. During this time, she was a prolific letter-writer and phone-caller. Her autobiography Nehmt nur mein Leben (Take Just My Life), was published in [81]
In , Dietrich agreed to participate in a documentary film about her life, Marlene (), but refused to be filmed.
The film's director is her former co-star from Judgment at Nuremberg (), Maximilian Schell, and even with that familiarity, he was still only allowed to record her voice. Schell used his interviews with her as the basis for the film, set to a collage of film clips from her career. The film won several European film prizes and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Documentary in Newsweek named it "a unique film, perhaps the most fascinating and affecting documentary ever made about a great movie star".[82]
In , Dietrich recorded spoken introductions to songs for a nostalgia album by Udo Lindenberg.
In an interview with the German magazine Der Spiegel in November , Dietrich's daughter and grandson said Dietrich was politically active during these years.[84] She kept in contact with world leaders by telephone, including Ronald Reagan, Mikhail Gorbachev, and Margaret Thatcher, running up a monthly bill of over US$3, In , her appeal to save the Babelsberg Studios from closure was broadcast on BBC Radio.
She had spoken on television via telephone on the occasion of the fall of the Berlin Wall the previous year. Also in spring , she spoke on French forces radio station addressing her fellow Berliners in Germany about her then most recent conversation with French president Mitterrand regarding his promise to her that Berlin would be the capital city of a united Germany later on—at that point in time, a quite appealing but non-official French presidential statement.
Death and estate
On 6 May , Dietrich died of kidney failure at her flat in Paris at age Her funeral was a requiem mass conducted at the Roman Catholic church of La Madeleine in Paris on 14 May [85] Dietrich's funeral service was attended by approximately 1, mourners in the church itself—including ambassadors from Germany, Russia, the US, the UK, and other countries—with thousands more outside.
Her closed coffin, draped in the French flag, rested beneath the altar and was adorned with a simple bouquet of white wildflowers and roses from the French President François Mitterrand. Three medals, including France's Légion d'honneur and the U.S. Medal of Freedom were displayed at the foot of the coffin, military style, for a ceremony symbolizing the sense of duty Dietrich embodied in her career as an actress, and in her personal fight against Nazism.
The officiating priest remarked: "Everyone knew her life as an artist of film and song, and everyone knew her tough stands She lived like a soldier and would like to be buried like a soldier".[86][87] By coincidence, her picture was used in the Cannes Film Festival poster that year which was pasted up all over Paris.[88]
In her will Dietrich expressed the wish to be buried in her birthplace Berlin, near her family.
Her body was flown there to fulfill her wish on 16 May [89] Her coffin was draped in an American flag befitting her status as an American. As her coffin traveled through Berlin bystanders threw flowers onto it, a fitting tribute because Dietrich loved flowers, even saving the flowers thrown to her at the end of her performances for use in subsequent shows.
Dietrich was interred at the Städtischer Friedhof III, Schöneberg, close by the grave of her mother Josefine von Losch, and near the house where she was born.[86]
On 24 October , the main portion of Dietrich's estate (on which the U.S. institutions showed no interest), was sold to the Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek, where it became the core of the exhibition at the Filmmuseum Berlin.
The collection includes: over 3, textile items from the s to the s, including film and stage costumes as well as over a thousand items from Dietrich's personal wardrobe; 15, photographs, by Sir Cecil Beaton, Horst P. Horst, George Hurrell, Lord Snowdon and Edward Steichen; , pages of documents, including correspondence with Burt Bacharach, Yul Brynner, Maurice Chevalier, Noël Coward, Jean Gabin, Ernest Hemingway, Karl Lagerfeld, Nancy and Ronald Reagan, Erich Maria Remarque, Josef von Sternberg, Orson Welles and Billy Wilder; as well as other items like film posters and sound recordings.[90] The Marlene Dietrich Collection was sold to the Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek for US$5 million, by Dietrich's heirs.[91]
The contents of Dietrich's Manhattan apartment, along with other personal effects such as jewelry and items of clothing, were sold by public auction by Sotheby's in Los Angeles in November Her former apartment located at Park Avenue was sold for $, in [92]
Personal life
Dietrich's professional image was carefully crafted and maintained while her personal life was mostly hidden from the public.
She was fluent in German, English, Italian and French. Dietrich, who was bisexual, enjoyed the thriving gay bars and drag balls of s Berlin.[93][94] Bars included the Mali und Igel, run by Elsa Conrad.[95] She also defied conventional gender roles with her boxing at Turkish trainer and prizefighter Sabri Mahir's boxing studio in Berlin, which opened to women in the late s.
In May Dietrich married assistant director Rudolf Sieber, who later became an assistant director at Paramount Pictures in France, responsible for foreign language dubbing. Their only child, Maria Riva, was born in Berlin on 13 December Riva later became an actress, primarily working in television. When Maria gave birth to a son (John, later a famous production designer) in , Dietrich was dubbed "the world's most glamorous grandmother".
After Dietrich's death, Riva published a candid biography of her mother, titled Marlene Dietrich ().
Marlene dietrich spy: Marlene Dietrich. Actress: Witness for the Prosecution. Her father was a police lieutenant and imbued in her a military attitude to life. Marlene was known in school for her "bedroom eyes" and her first affairs were at this stage in her life - a professor at the school was terminated.
In it Dietrich is shown as a cold, manipulative narcissist who treated Riva more like an assistant or extension of herself than a daughter.[96]
Throughout her career, Dietrich had numerous affairs, some short-lived, some lasting decades, often overlapping and almost all known to her husband, to whom she was in the habit of passing the intimate letters from her lovers, sometimes with biting comments.
When Dietrich arrived in Hollywood and filmed Morocco (), she had an affair with Gary Cooper, even though he was having another affair with Mexican actress Lupe Vélez.[98] Vélez once said, "If I had the opportunity to do so, I would tear out Marlene Dietrich's eyes."[99] Another of her affairs was with actor John Gilbert, known for his professional and personal connection to Greta Garbo.
Gilbert's untimely death was one of the most painful events of her life. Dietrich also had a brief affair with Douglas Fairbanks Jr., even though he was married to Joan Crawford at the time. During the production of Destry Rides Again, Dietrich started a love affair with co-star James Stewart, which ended after filming stopped.
According to writer/director Peter Bogdanovich, Marlene Dietrich told him during an aircraft flight that she became pregnant as a result of the affair, but had a surreptitious abortion without telling Stewart.[] In , Dietrich met and began a relationship with writer Erich Maria Remarque, and in , the French actor Jean Gabin.
He was probably the love of her life, but the relationship ended in , for she desired that they live in New York and Gabin did not want to leave France.[]
In Paris, Dietrich had an affair with Suzanne Baulé, known as Frede, a coach and cabaret hostess whom she met in at the Monocle, a women's nightclub on Boulevard Edgar-Quinet in Paris.
The two women remained friends until the s, as can be seen in the correspondence kept in the Marlene Dietrich archives in Berlin. In the early s, Dietrich also had an affair with Cuban-American writer Mercedes de Acosta, who claimed to also be Greta Garbo's lover. Sewing circle was a phrase used by Dietrich[] to describe the underground, closeted lesbian and bisexual film actresses and their relationships in Hollywood.
Maria dietrich Marlene Dietrich. Actress: Witness for the Prosecution. Her father was a police lieutenant and imbued in her a military attitude to life. Marlene was known in school for her "bedroom eyes" and her first affairs were at this stage in her life - a professor at the school was terminated. She entered the cabaret scene in s Germany, first as a spectator then as a cabaret singer. In , she.In the supposed "Marlene's Sewing Circle" [] several other names of other close friends are mentioned, such as Ann Warner (the wife of Jack L. Warner, one of the owners of the Warner studios), Lili Damita (an old friend of Marlene's from Berlin and the wife of Errol Flynn), Claudette Colbert,[] and Dolores del Río (whom Dietrich considered the most beautiful woman in Hollywood).
The French singer Édith Piaf was also one of Dietrich's closest friends during her stay in Paris in the s, with Dietrich serving as Piaf's matron of honor at her wedding to Jacques Pills in ; there were rumors of something more than just friendship between them.[]
When Dietrich was in her 50s she had a relationship with actor Yul Brynner, which lasted more than a decade.
Dietrich's love life continued into her 70s. Her lovers included Errol Flynn,[]George Bernard Shaw, John F. Kennedy, Joe Kennedy,[]Michael Todd, Michael Wilding, John Wayne, Kirk Douglas, and Frank Sinatra. Dietrich maintained her husband and his mistress first in Europe and later on a ranch in the San Fernando Valley, near Hollywood.
Dietrich was raised in the German Lutheran tradition of Christianity, but she abandoned it as a result of her experiences as a teenager during World War I, after hearing preachers from both sides invoking God as their support. "I lost my faith during the war and can't believe they are all up there, flying around or sitting at tables, all those I've lost." Quoting Goethe in her autobiography, she wrote, "If God created this world, he should review his plan."[]
Political views
Dietrich endorsed Robert F.
Kennedy's presidential campaign in []
Legacy
Dietrich was an icon to fashion designers and screen stars. Edith Head remarked that Dietrich knew more about fashion than any other actress. Marlene Dietrich favoured Dior. In an interview with The Observer in , she said, "I dress for the image.
Not for myself, not for the public, not for fashion, not for men. If I dressed for myself I wouldn't bother at all. Clothes bore me. I'd wear jeans. I adore jeans. I get them in a public store—men's, of course; I can't wear women's trousers. But I dress for the profession."[] In , Swarovski commissioned a $60, Art Deco-styled dress in the style of her famous "nude dress", from Berlin-based fashion tech company ElektroCouture to honor Dietrich 25 years after her death.
It contains 2, crystals in addition to LED lights.[] ElektroCouture owner Lisa Lang said that the dress was inspired by electrical diagrams and correspondence that took place between the actress and fashion designer Jean Louis in "She wanted a dress that glows, she wanted to be able to control it herself from the stage and she knew she could have died of an electric stroke had it ever been realized." The dress created by Lang's company was featured in French-German broadcaster Arte's documentary Das letzte Kleid der Marlene Dietrich ('The Last Dress of Marlene Dietrich').[]
Her public image included openly defying sexual norms, and she was known for her androgynous film roles and her bisexuality.
A significant volume of academic literature, especially since , analyzes Dietrich's image, as created by the film industry, within various theoretical frameworks, including that of psycho-analysis.
Emphasis is placed, inter alia, on the "fetishistic" manipulation of the female image.[]
In , a plaque was unveiled at Leberstraße 65 in Berlin-Schöneberg, the site of Dietrich's birth. A postage stamp bearing her portrait was issued in Germany on 14 August
The main-belt asteroid Marlene, discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth