Henry viii biography
Napoleon
Emperor of the French (r. –, )
"Napoleon Bonaparte" redirects here. For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation) and Napoleon Bonaparte (disambiguation).
Battles of Napoleon
km
miles
Rochefort
18
Waterloo
17
Elba
16
Dizier
15
Leipzig
14
Berezina
13
Borodino
12
Wagram
11
Somosierra
10
Friedland
9
Jena
8
Austerlitz
7
Marengo
6
Cairo
5
Malta
4
Arcole
3
Paris
2
Toulon
1
Rescale the fullscreen map to see Saint Helena.
Napoleon Bonaparte[b] (born Napoleone di Buonaparte;[c] 15 August – 5 May ), later known by his regnal nameNapoleon&#;I, was a French military officer and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from to He was the leader of the French Republic as First Consul from to , then of the French Empire as Emperor of the French from to , and briefly again in
Born on the island of Corsica to a family of Italian origin, Napoleon moved to mainland France in and was commissioned as an officer in the French Royal Army in He supported the French Revolution in , and promoted its cause in Corsica.
Napoleon biography breveza e
Napoleon Bonaparte [b] (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; [1] [c] 15 August – 5 May ), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military officer and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from.He rose rapidly through the ranks after winning the siege of Toulon in and defeating royalist insurgents in Paris on 13 Vendémiaire in In , Napoleon commanded a military campaign against the Austrians and their Italian allies in the War of the First Coalition, scoring decisive victories and becoming a national hero.
He led an invasion of Egypt and Syria in which served as a springboard to political power. In November , Napoleon engineered the Coup of 18 Brumaire against the Directory, and became First Consul of the Republic. He won the Battle of Marengo in , which secured France's victory in the War of the Second Coalition, and in sold the territory of Louisiana to the United States.
Best napoleon biography: You may hate him or love him but you can’t ignore Napoleon Bonaparte, the former French emperor! Born in in Corsica from the minor nobility, Napoleon rose to fame during the French Revolution and proclaimed himself emperor in
In December , Napoleon crowned himself Emperor of the French, further expanding his power.
The breakdown of the Treaty of Amiens led to the War of the Third Coalition by Napoleon shattered the coalition with a decisive victory at the Battle of Austerlitz, which led to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. In the War of the Fourth Coalition, Napoleon defeated Prussia at the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in , marched his Grande Armée into Eastern Europe, and defeated the Russians in at the Battle of Friedland.
Seeking to extend his trade embargo against Britain, Napoleon invaded the Iberian Peninsula and installed his brother Joseph as King of Spain in , provoking the Peninsular War. In , the Austrians again challenged France in the War of the Fifth Coalition, in which Napoleon solidified his grip over Europe after winning the Battle of Wagram.
In summer , he launched an invasion of Russia, briefly occupying Moscow before conducting a catastrophic retreat of his army that winter. In , Prussia and Austria joined Russia in the War of the Sixth Coalition, in which Napoleon was decisively defeated at the Battle of Leipzig. The coalition invaded France and captured Paris, forcing Napoleon to abdicate in April They exiled him to the Mediterranean island of Elba and restored the Bourbons to power.
Ten months later, Napoleon escaped from Elba on a brig, landed in France with a thousand men, and marched on Paris, again taking control of the country. His opponents responded by forming a Seventh Coalition, which defeated him at the Battle of Waterloo in June Napoleon was exiled to the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, where he died of stomach cancer in , aged
Napoleon is considered one of the greatest military commanders in history and Napoleonic tactics are still studied at military schools worldwide.
His legacy endures through the modernizing legal and administrative reforms he enacted in France and Western Europe, embodied in the Napoleonic Code. He established a system of public education, abolished the vestiges of feudalism,[3]emancipated Jews and other religious minorities, abolished the Spanish Inquisition,[5] enacted the principle of equality before the law for an emerging middle class, and centralized state power at the expense of religious authorities.
His conquests acted as a catalyst for political change and the development of nation states. However, he is controversial due to his role in wars which devastated Europe, his looting of conquered territories, and his mixed record on civil rights.
Napoleon biography breveza Here is a (very) brief biography of Napoleon Bonaparte A (very) short biography of Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on the 15th of August Born two years before it would have been Italian as the Mediterranean island became part of France inHe abolished the free press, ended directly elected representative government, exiled and jailed critics of his regime, reinstated slavery in France's colonies except for Haiti, banned the entry of blacks and mulattos into France, reduced the civil rights of women and children in France, reintroduced a hereditary monarchy and nobility, and violently repressed popular uprisings against his rule.[11]
Early life
Napoleon's family was of Italian origin.
His paternal ancestors, the Buonapartes, descended from a minor Tuscan noble family who emigrated to Corsica in the 16th century and his maternal ancestors, the Ramolinos, descended from a noble family from Lombardy.[12]
Napoleon's parents, Carlo Maria Buonaparte and Maria Letizia Ramolino, lived in the Maison Bonaparte home in Ajaccio, where Napoleon was born on 15 August He had an elder brother, Joseph, and, later, six younger siblings: Lucien, Elisa, Louis, Pauline, Caroline, and Jérôme.[13] Five more siblings were stillborn or did not survive infancy.[14] Napoleon was baptized as a Catholic, under the name Napoleone di Buonaparte.
In his youth, his name was also spelled as Nabulione, Nabulio, Napolionne, and Napulione.[15]
Napoleon was born one year after the Republic of Genoa ceded Corsica to France.[16][d] His father supported Pasquale Paoli during the Corsican war of independence against France.
After the Corsican defeat at the Battle of Ponte Novu in and Paoli's exile in Britain, Carlo became friends with the French governor Charles Louis de Marbeuf, who became his patron and godfather to Napoleon.[20][21] With Mabeuf's support, Carlo was named Corsican representative to the court of Louis XVI and Napoleon obtained a royal bursary to a military academy in France.[23]
The dominant influence of Napoleon's childhood was his mother, whose firm discipline restrained a rambunctious child.
Napoleon biography amazon Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military general and emperor of France from to Read about his height, rise to power, quotes, exile, death, and more.Later in life, Napoleon said, "The future destiny of the child is always the work of the mother."[24] Napoleon's noble, moderately affluent background afforded him greater opportunities to study than were available to a typical Corsican of the time.
In January , at age 9, Napoleon moved to the French mainland and enrolled at a religious school in Autun to improve his French (his mother tongue was the Corsican dialect of Italian).[26][28] Although he eventually became fluent in French, he spoke with a Corsican accent and his French spelling was poor.[29]
In May, he transferred to the military academy at Brienne-le-Château where he was routinely bullied by his peers for his accent, birthplace, short stature, mannerisms, and poor French.[26] He became reserved and melancholic, applying himself to reading.
An examiner observed that Napoleon "has always been distinguished for his application in mathematics. He is fairly well acquainted with history and geography&#; This boy would make an excellent sailor".[e][31]
One story of Napoleon at the school is that he led junior students to victory against senior students in a snowball fight, which allegedly showed his leadership abilities.[32] But the story was only told after Napoleon had become famous.[33] In his later years at Brienne, Napoleon became an outspoken Corsican nationalist and admirer of Paoli.[34]
In September , Napoleon was admitted to the École militaire in Paris where he trained to become an artillery officer.
He excelled at mathematics, and read widely in geography, history and literature. However, he was poor at French and German.[35] His father's death in February cut the family income and forced him to complete the two-year course in one year.
Napoleon biography breveza wikipedia Napoleon Bonaparte [b] (born Napoleone Buonaparte; [1] [c] 15 August – 5 May ), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military officer and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from toIn September he was examined by the famed scientist Pierre-Simon Laplace and became the first Corsican to graduate from the École militaire.[36][37]
Early career
Return to Corsica
Upon graduating in September , Bonaparte was commissioned a second lieutenant in La Fère artillery regiment.[38] He served in Valence and Auxonne until after the outbreak of the French Revolution in , but spent long periods of leave in Corsica which fed his Corsican nationalism.[40] In September , he returned to Corsica and promoted the French revolutionary cause.
Paoli returned to the island in July , but he had no sympathy for Bonaparte, as he deemed his father a traitor for having deserted the cause of Corsican independence.[42]
Bonaparte plunged into a complex three-way struggle among royalists, revolutionaries, and Corsican nationalists. He became a supporter of the Jacobins and joined the pro-French Corsican Republicans who opposed Paoli's policy and his aspirations to secede.[43] He was given command over a battalion of Corsican volunteers and promoted to captain in the regular army in , despite exceeding his leave of absence and a dispute between his volunteers and the French garrison in Ajaccio.[44][45]
In February , Bonaparte took part in the failed French expedition to Sardinia.
Following allegations that Paoli had sabotaged the expedition and that his regime was corrupt and incompetent, the French National Convention outlawed him. In early June, Bonaparte and French troops failed to capture Ajaccio from Corsican volunteers and the island was now controlled by Paoli's supporters. When Bonaparte learned that the Corsican assembly had condemned him and his family, the Buonapartes fled to Toulon on the French mainland.[46][47]
Siege of Toulon
Main article: Siege of Toulon ()
Bonaparte returned to his regiment in Nice and was made captain of a coastal battery.[48] In July , he published a pamphlet, Le souper de Beaucaire (Supper at Beaucaire), demonstrating his support for the National Convention which was now heavily influenced by the Jacobins.[49][50]
In September, with the help of his fellow Corsican Antoine Christophe Saliceti, Bonaparte was appointed artillery commander of the republican forces sent to recapture the port of Toulon which was occupied by British and allied forces.[51]